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How to ftp Back HomeDate:Sat Mar 30 14:23:24 (PST)
From:Phil Hughes
Many businesses place a firewall between the Internet and the inside systems. This is good protection and it just makes good sense. One common firewalling technique is to serverly restrict access through the firewall from the outside but allow a user on the inside to do most anything through the firewall to the outside.
When I am at home, I routinely need to move files between home and work. But, because of the firewall, I can ftp from work to home but not the other way around. What this means is that I need to establish an interactive connection (using ssh) from home to work and then initiate the ftp from work to home.
So far, so good. But, what I call "home" consists of various locations, all connected with a dial-up connection through one of four ISPs. All four ISPs use dynamic IP addresses meaning that each time I connect I have a different IP address for my home system. Even though the ISP knows what the current IP address for my system, the name server at work doesn't.
The solution is to enter the IP address of my home system into the ftp command at work. First, I need to find out what the IP address is. To do that, I execute the ifconfig command on my home system:
$ /sbin/ifconfig
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Bcast:127.255.255.255 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP BROADCAST LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:2000 Metric:1
RX packets:19 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0
TX packets:19 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0
eth0 Link encap:10Mbps Ethernet HWaddr 02:60:8C:8F:A2:08
inet addr:198.186.207.131 Bcast:198.186.207.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:969719 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0
TX packets:971132 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0
Interrupt:9 Base address:0x280 Memory:d8000-da000
ppp0 Link encap:Point-Point Protocol
inet addr:206.125.79.118 P-t-P:204.157.220.30 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING MTU:296 Metric:1
RX packets:5434 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0
TX packets:5545 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0
$
The inet addr for the ppp0 interface (206.125.79.118) is the number I need. Now, on my system at work I enter:
$ ftp 206.125.79.118ftp then prompts for a login and password. I enter my standard login and password for my home system and ftp is up and running.
Checking if You're RootDate: Sun Mar 23 23:20:51 1997 (PST)
From: Kevin Lyda
In the march gazette raul miller suggested that the most portable way to test if you're root is [ -w / ]. that won't work if you're root file system is read only. [ -w /var ] might be a better method.
kevin
XV vs XliDate:Wed Mar 5 16:32:49 1997(PST)
From:Michael Hammel,
I wasn't aware of Xli (rather, I haven't looked at it), however your statement that xv can only tile image on the background. xv allows qutie a bit of command line control. I use the following to put up a background image at work (non-tiled, takes up the whole background):
xv -root -max -quit /export/home/mjhammel/lib/images/emass3.tga
The initial image is 601x339, with a root display of 1152x900. Since the original image is 24bpp the enlargement is very accurate in details.
Michael J. Hammel
Bash Shell ScriptingDate:Thu Mar 20 12:22;34 1997(PST)
From:Paul Sephton
I have been enjoying the fruits of the Linux Gazette for a number of years now. Recently, I had one of my users accidentally type rm *>bak, and immediately noticed something was amiss by the incoherent screams eminating from her office.
In an attempt to ensure this would not have the same disasterous effect again, and to protect my eardrums in future, I spent a couple of days excersising my bash shell scripting skills, and came up with what I believe to be a decent mechanism for maintaining versioned backups.
My attitude with regard to the normal cludges like aliasing rm and so on, is that it will not protect you against other programs which unlink files. (To date I have yet to write a C program that shells rm in order to unlink a file :)
Whilst writing the set of three scripts, it dawned on me that although some more complex tools do exist which perform the same sort of function, the Linux community might be interested in what I did.
Although it's not much more than a creative excersise in the use of the 'find' command, and suffers from the usual limitation of being restricted to the one file system, I include the three scripts for your perusal and possible inclusion in the gazette at your discretion.
Don't hesitate to contact me if you need more information.
Kind regards, and many thanks for the gazette.
Paul Sephton
Bash Shell Script 1#!/bin/sh
if [ -z "$SAFEDEL" ];then
SAFEDEL=/u/safedel
fi
NDAYS=5 #Erase files after 2 days
MAXVER=6 # Start Overwriting versins at this count
BINDIR=$SAFEDEL/bin # Binaries directory
DATADIR=$SAFEDEL/data # Where links are to go
LOGFILE=$BINDIR/safedel.log # Output messages go here
ERRLOG=$BINDIR/safedel.err # Error output messages go here
DIRLIST=$BINDIR/safedel.dirs # List of directories found here
LOCKFILE=$BINDIR/safedel.lock # Lockfile to prevent re-entry
# Process the file $1 by creating a symbolic link in the data directory
# and an entry for the file in the index.
process-file()
{
SRC=`dirname $1`
FNAME=`basename $1`
VERSION=0
if [ ! -d $DATADIR$SRC ]; then
mkdir -p $DATADIR$SRC
# OWNER=`find -name $SRC -printf "%u"`
# chown $OWNER $FNAME:$VERSION
fi
cd $DATADIR$SRC
while [ -f $FNAME:$VERSION ]; do
VERSION=$[ $VERSION + 1 ]
done
if ! ln $1 $FNAME:$VERSION 2>> $LOGFILE; then
echo "Could not link file $FNAME:$VERSION" >> $LOGFILE
return
fi
echo -e "Linked $FNAME:$VERSION \t \tin $SRC" >> $LOGFILE
return
}
# Erase a file
erase-file()
{
echo "Unlinking $1 $2" >> $LOGFILE
rm -f $1
FN=`echo $1 | cut -f 1 -d ':'`
if ! { echo "$ERASED" | grep "$FN" - } ; then
ERASED="$ERASED $FN"
fi
return
}
# We want the version numbers to follow on each other, so that the next
# file we create gets a bigger version number. This makes sure they follow.
reorganise()
{
if [ -z $1 ]; then
return
fi
FN=$1
FILE_LIST=`ls $FN:* | sort -n -t: -k2`
if [ "$FILE_LIST" = ":*" ]; then
echo "All [$FN:*] files erased" >> $LOGFILE
return
fi
echo -e "File list to be moved is:\n$FILE_LIST" >>$LOGFILE
VERSION=0
for FNAME in $FILE_LIST; do
if [ "$FNAME" != "$FN:$VERSION" ]; then
echo "Moving $FNAME $FN:$VERSION" >>$LOGFILE
mv $FNAME "$FN:$VERSION"
VERSION=$[ $VERSION + 1 ]
fi
done
}
# The main shell script starts here...
cd $BINDIR
if [ -f $LOCKFILE ]; then
exit 0
fi
touch $LOCKFILE
date >> $LOGFILE
cat $DIRLIST |
(
while read SRC ; do
if [ `echo $SRC | cut -b 1` != "#" ]; then
echo "Finding files in $SRC" >> $LOGFILE
echo "Point 1 ($SRC)"
for FNAME in `find $SRC -type f -xdev -links 1 -print`; do
process-file $FNAME
done
fi
done
ERASED=""
echo "Point 2"
for FNAME in `find $DATADIR -type f -links 1 -ctime $NDAYS -print`; do
erase-file $FNAME "(older than $NDAYS days)"
done
echo "Point 3"
for FNAME in `find $DATADIR -type f -name "*:$MAXVER" -print`; do
FN=`echo $FNAME | cut -f 1 -d ':'`
erase-file $FN:0 "Too many versions (VERSION > $MAXVER)"
done
echo "Point 4"
for FNAME in "$ERASED"; do
reorganise $FNAME
done
) 2> $ERRLOG > /dev/null
rm -f $LOCKFILE
Bash Shell Script 2
#!/bin/sh
CURRDIR=`pwd`/
if [ -z $SAFEDEL ]; then
SAFEDEL=/u/safedel
fi
DATADIR=$SAFEDEL/data
BINDIR=$SAFEDEL/bin
cd $DATADIR$CURRDIR
if [ -z "$1" ]; then
echo
echo "Restores files unintentionally deleted"
echo
echo "Useage <salvage <filename>[:version] [dest]> from within the directory"
echo " in which the file was deleted."
echo
echo "The following is a list of your backed up files and their versions:"
echo " Salvageable Files:"
find . -xdev -type f -maxdepth 1 -links 1 -printf "%P\n" | column
echo " Files Currently in Use:"
find . -xdev -type f -maxdepth 1 -not -links 1 -printf "%P\n" | column
else
FN=`echo "$1:end" | cut -f 1 -d ':'`
VER=`echo "$1:end" | cut -f 2 -d ':'`
EXIST=`find $CURRDIR -name "$FN"`
# echo "[$EXIST]"
if [ -n "$EXIST" ]; then
echo "Incorrect file specification: File(s) are not deleted. ($FN)"
exit 0
fi
if [ "$VER" = "end" -o "$VER" = "*" ]; then
VER=""
fi
FILE_LIST=`find . -name "$FN:*" -printf "%f "`
FLIST=""
# echo "FILE_LIST is $FILE_LIST"
for FNAME in $FILE_LIST; do
FN=`echo "$FNAME:end" | cut -f 1 -d ':'`
FOUND=0
# echo "Looking for [$FN] in [$FLIST]"
for F in $FLIST; do
if [ "$F" = "$FN" ]; then
FOUND=1
fi
done
if [ "$FOUND" = "0" ]; then
FLIST="$FLIST $FN"
fi
done
# echo "FLIST is $FLIST"
for FNAME in $FLIST; do
if [ -z "$VER" ]; then
VERSION=0
NEXTVER=1
while [ -f $FNAME:$NEXTVER ]; do
VERSION=$NEXTVER
NEXTVER=$[ $NEXTVER + 1 ]
done
else
VERSION=$VER
fi
if [ ! -f $FNAME:$VERSION ]; then
echo "File $FNAME:$VERSION not found"
exit 0
fi
if [ -z "$2" ]; then
DEST=$CURRDIR$FNAME
else
DEST=$CURRDIR$2
fi
if ln $FNAME:$VERSION $DEST 2> /dev/null; then
echo "File $FNAME:$VERSION successfully recovered"
else
echo "Cannot link $FNAME:$VERSION to $DEST"
fi
done
fi
Bash Shell Script 3
#!/bin/sh
if [ -z $SAFEDEL ]; then
SAFEDEL=/u/safedel
fi
BINDIR=$SAFEDEL/bin # Binaries directory
DATADIR=$SAFEDEL/data # Where links are to go
# Erase a file
reorganise()
{
if [ -z $1 ]; then
return
fi
FN=`echo "$1:end" | cut -f 1 -d ':'`
FILE_LIST=`ls $FN:* | sort -n -t: -k2`
if [ "$FILE_LIST" = ":*" ]; then
echo "All [$FN:*] files erased"
return
fi
# echo -e "File list to be moved is:\n$FILE_LIST"
VERSION=0
for FNAME in $FILE_LIST; do
if [ "$FNAME" != "$FN:$VERSION" ]; then
echo "Moving $FNAME $FN:$VERSION"
mv $FNAME "$FN:$VERSION"
VERSION=$[ $VERSION + 1 ]
fi
done
}
# The main shell script starts here...
CURRDIR=`pwd`/
echo "Safedel: Purging extra versions in $CURRDIR"
cd $BINDIR
find $DATADIR$CURRDIR -type f -maxdepth 1 -links 1 -exec rm {} \;
for FNAME in `find $DATADIR$CURRDIR -type f -maxdepth 1 -print`; do
reorganise $FNAME
done
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